This section is designed as an overview of the most important and frequently used Proofreading Guidelines. The pages cover items that you are likely to see when proofreading BEGINNER'S ONLY or EASY projects.
These tutorials and quizzes only address the standard guidelines. Some projects have special instructions, particularly for books in non-English languages or with unusual features, so be sure to read the Project Comments carefully on each project you proofread.
The "extra practice" pages do not cover any additional guidelines beyond the standard five pages; they are included to allow you to try the same skills on a new page.
Basic Proofreading Quiz and Tutorial
This page is currently displaying only the Basic Quizzes and Tutorials. View all proofreading quizzes and tutorials.
This information is directly copied from the pgdp.net webpage.
Project Comments
When you select a project for proofreading, the Project Page is loaded. On this page there is a section called "Project Comments" containing information specific to that project (book). Read these before you start proofreading pages! If the Project Manager wants you to do something in this book differently from the way specified in these Guidelines, that will be noted here. Instructions in the Project Comments override the rules in these Guidelines, so follow them. There may also be instructions in the project comments that apply to the formatting phase, which do not apply during proofreading.
The Primary Rule
"Don't change what the author wrote!"
The final electronic book seen by a reader, possibly many years in the future, should accurately convey the intent of the author. If the author spelled words oddly, we leave them spelled that way. If the author wrote outrageous racist or biased statements, we leave them that way. If the author put commas, superscripts, or footnotes every third word, we keep the commas, superscripts, or footnotes. We are proofreaders, not editors.
We do change minor typographical conventions that don't affect the sense of what the author wrote.
Page Headers/Page Footers
Remove page headers and page footers, but not footnotes from the text.
The page headers are normally at the top of the image and have a page number opposite them. Page headers may be the same all through the book (often the title of the book and the author's name), they may be the same for each chapter, (often the chapter number), or they may be different on each page (describing the action on that page). Remove them all, regardless, including the page number.
End-of-line Hyphenation
Where a hyphen appears at the end of a line, join the two halves of the hyphenated word back together. Remove the hyphen when you join it, unless it is really a hyphenated word like well-meaning. Keep the joined word on the top line, and put a line break after it to preserve the line formatting–this makes it easier for volunteers in further rounds.
Basic Proofreading Quiz, Page 1
Try to correct the text on the bottom left, so that it matches the text in the image above the following the Proofreading Guidelines. When done click 'check.'
FOCUS ON PAGE HEADERS/PAGE FOOTERS & END-OF-LINE HYPHENATION!
 |
| Page Solved! |
PROOFREAD:
before I matriculated at Oxford, Mr. Palmer,M. P. for Bath, had accomplished two things,very hard to do on our little planet: he had inventedmail-coaches, and he had married thedaughter of a duke. He was, therefore, justtwice as great a man as Galileo, who certainlyinvented (or discovered) the satellites ofJupiter, those very next things extant to mail-coachesin the two capital points of speed andkeeping time, but who did not marry thedaughter of a duke.
Proofreading Corrections: First round
❑ Removed THE GLORY OF MOTION. 62 [PAGE HEADER]
❑ Removed extra blank lines
❑ Corrected misspelled "tbings" to "things"
❑ Fixed end-of-the-line hyphenation in 3rd line
❑ Left "mail-coaches" in 4th line
Note: "mail-coaches" is there twice 4th & 8th
line
❑ Removed THE GLORY OF MOTION. 62
❑ Do I correct "tbings"? Yes.
OCR text: "tbings" (scanno)
Page image: "things"
❑ End-of-line hypenation
"in-
vented"
Hyphen removed
Retained word on top line
Inserted line break
❑ "mail-coaches" Dash rule
OCR text: "arid" (scanno)
Page image: "and"
❑ "mail-coaches" left in OCR text
❑ "mail-coaches" end-of-line hyphenation ???
❑ End-of-line hyphenation
certain
ly
No [*] inserted for confusion if author hyphenated it or not
❑ Retained hyphenated word: "mail-coaches"
End-of-line hyphenation
Didn't input [*] in it
❑ Hyphenated word: "mail-coaches" retained
❑ OCR text: "hut" (scanno)
Page image: "but"
❑ Removed page footer "Ff"
Proofreading Corrections: Second round
2nd Try:
❑ "mail-
coaches"
Re-proofread: Moved to top line
❑ Deleted "Ff in footer Deleted only 2 letters
Left spaces on the bottom
3rd Try:
❑ "mail-coaches" after the word "invented"
Included also (retained hyphen) on top line
4th Try:
❑ Removed hyphens in "mailcoaches"
5th Try:
❑ Fixed hyphens
6th Try:
❑ Had "mail-coaches" on bottom line (3)
Correct the first try
7th Try:
???
Basic Proofreading Tutorial, Page 2: Paragraph spacing, end-of-page hyphenation, dashes
Paragraph Spacing/Indentings
Put a blank line before the start of a paragraph, even if it starts at the top of a page. You should not indent the start of the paragraph, but if it is already indented don't bother removing those spaces––that can be done automatically during post-processing.
End-of-line Dashes
As with end-of-line hyphenation, if an em-dash appears at the start or end of a line of your OCR'd text, join it with the other line so that there are no spaces or line breaks around it. See the examples below.
Dashes
Em-dashes & long dashes. These serve as separators between words––sometimes for emphasis like this––or when a speaker gets a word caught in his throat –– ––!
Proofread these as two hyphens if the dash is as long as 2-3 letters (an em-dash) and four hyphens if the dash is as long as 4-5 letters (a long dash). Don't leave a space before or after, even if it looks like there was a space in the original book image.
Proofread end-of-page hyphens or em-dashes by leaving the hyphen or em-dash at the end of the last line, and mark it with a * after the hyphen or dash.
Continue to quiz page
PROOFREAD:
"I'll do my best, but you can't expect much. I
guess I can squeeze another cot into eight-sevenfor the young man. There's--let's see now--who'sin eighty-seven? Well, there's twoBisons in the double bed, and one in the single,and Fat Ed Meyers in the cot and----"Emma McChesney stiffened to acute attention."Meyers?" she interrupted. "Do you mean EdMeyers of the Strauss Sans-silk Skirt Company?""That's so.""Did he get in to-day?""Oh, he just came 15 minutes ago on the Ash-*"
Basic Proofreading Quiz, Page 2
Try to correct the text on the bottom left, so it matches the text in the image above following the Proofreading Guidelines. When done click 'check.'
FOCUS ON PARAGRAPH SPACING
END-OF-PAGE HYPHENATION
END-OF-LINE DASHES
PROOFREADING GUIDELINES:
Look Up...
Paragraph Spacing/Indenting
Hypen = "pre-destination" HYPHENATED WORDS
(Join) (If HYPHEN is there because word is on
end then rejoin it on top line)
Dashes = TYPES: en-dashes, em-dashes & long
(Separate) dashes
En-dashes = range of NUMBERS
Mathematical minus sign
5-7 items
-15˚F
x-y =z
HYPHEN is between words (ISN'T DASH) (i.e. hyphenated words)
1st Try:
❑ There're no paragraph indentations in OCR text
[PARAGRAPH SPACING/INDENTING]
❑ 3rd Line: Removed extra spaces between dashes
then moved "who's" to top end-of-the-line dash
Re-hit 'Enter'
❑ 6th Line: Replaced - - with ---- (LONG DASH)
The paragraph ends on this line
❑ 9th Line: FIXED capitalization (?) "skirt" to
"Skirt"
❑ 11th Line: "to-day?" is now "to-*day?"
Don't know if author typically hyphenated this
word
Post-Processor will figure it out
❑ 12th Line: END-OF-PARAGRAPH HYPHENATION
"Oh, he just came 15 minutes ago on
the Ash-*"
Line 1:
None.
Line 2:
None.
Q: Hyphenation OR en-dash?
A: Hyphenation. It is NOT "8-7" numbers
Line 3:
(1) Em-dashes
(2) End-of-line dashes
Removed extra spaces between dashes words
"There's--let's see now--who's"
(--) Dashes for em-dash
Line 4:
"who's" is now moved to top line
HYPHEN (LEFT IT)
"in eighty-seven? Well, there's two"
Line 5:
Didn't insert hyphen in "double bed"
None.
Line 6:
Replaced with long dash (----)
"and Fat Ed Meyers in the cat----"
Line 7:
None.
Line 8:
None.
Line 9:
None.
Line 10:
None.
Line 11:
"to-day?"
Inserted [*] "to-*day?"
Line 12:
End-of-page "Oh, he just came 15
minutes ago on the
Ash-*"
Proofreading Corrections:
2nd Try:
❑ Inserted blank line before 1st
paragraph
❑ The "s" (lower case) IS A SCANNO! It is "S"
Skirt/skirt
3rd Try:
❑ Inserted missing paragraph spacing between:
"That's so."
"Did he get in to-*day?"
4th Try:
❑ "to-*day" changed to "to-day"
Only (4) Trys!
Basic Proofreading Tutorial, Page 3
Chapter Headings
Proofread chapter headings as they appear in the image.
A chapter heading may start a bit farther down the page than the page header and won't have a page number on the same line. Chapter Headings are often printed all caps; if so, keep them as all caps.
Watch out for a missing double quote at the start of the firs paragraph, which some publishers did not include or which the OCR missed due to a large capital in the image. If the author started the paragraph with dialog, insert the double quote.
Large, Ornate opening Capital letter (Drop Cap)
Proofread a large and ornate graphic first letter of a chapter, section, or paragraph as it were an ordinary letter.
Period Pause "..." (Ellipsis)
An ellipsis should have three dots. Regarding the spacing, in the middle of a sentence treat the ellipsis as ending punctuation, with no space before it.
Note that there will also be an ending punctuation mark at the end of a sentence, so in the case of a period there will be 4 dots total. Remove extra dots, if any, or add new ones, if necessary, to bring the number to three (or four) as appropriate.
Formatting
You may sometimes find formatting already present in the text. Do not add or correct this formatting information; the formatters will do that later in the process. Some examples of formatting tasks include <b>bold</b> for bold text.
Words in Small Capitals
Please proofread only the characters in Small Caps (capital letters which are smaller than the standard capitals). Do not worry about case changes. If the OCR'd text is already ALL-CAPPED, Mixed-Cased, or lower-cased, leave it ALL-CAPPED, Mixed-Cased, or lower-cased.
Proofread:
bundles into the house, while Mirabell's mother
went on home in her automobile.
CHAPTER II
The Rabbit's New Home
"Oh, Mother! What have you?" cried the
voice of a little girl, as the lady entered
the house with the bundle.
"Is it ... something good to eat...?" asked a
boy's voice.
"Now, children, you must not ask too many
questions," said their mother. "This isn't exactly
CHRISTMAS, but it will soon be EASTER, and we
DP | BASIC PROOFREADING QUIZ
Basic Proofreading Quiz, Page 3
Try to correct the text on the bottom left, so it matches the text in the image above following the Proofreading Guidelines. When done click 'check.'
FOCUS ON CHAPTER HEADERS
ELLIPSIS
BOLD TEXT
SMALL CAPS
PROOFREADING GUIDELINES:
Look Up...
Chapter Headers
Bold Text
Ellipsis
Bold Text
TOTAL= 17 LINES
Is it (..?) in OCR to match OR change it to (...?)
(4)?
DID THIS ON 1ST TRY
1st Try:
❑ 1st Line: Inserted paragraph blank space
❑ 8th Line: Inserted double quote (") in
beginning of 1st paragraph
❑ 12th Line: Ellipsis (...) 3 dots [MIDDLE]
END: (...?) instead of (..?) [END]
OCR ERROR (SCANNO) changed "cat" to "eat"
❑ FIXED OCR ERROR (Different from image)
Punctuation: "," instead of "."
Line 1:
Put in paragraph blank space
Line 2:
None.
Line 3:
None.
Line 4:
None.
Line 5:
None.
Line 6:
None.
Line 7:
None.
Line 8:
Inserted DOUBLE QUOTE (")
Beginning of 1st paragraph
Line 9:
None.
Line 10:
None.
Line 11:
None.
Line 12:
Ellipsis
Space before/after 3 dots (MIDDLE)
END: (...?) instead of (..?)
OCR ERROR: (SCANNO)
Changed "cat" to "eat"
Line 13:
None.
Line 14:
None.
Line 15:
None.
Line 16:
FIXED OCR ERROR: (PUNCTUATION)
"questions," instead of "questions"
Line 17:
None.
Proofreading Corrections:
2nd Try:
❑ Removed paragraph blank line space
Only (2) Trys!
Basic Proofreading Tutorial, Page 4
Punctuation spacing
In general, a punctuation mark should have a space after it but no space before it. If the OCR'd text has no space after a punctuation mark, add one; if there is a space before punctuation, remove it. However, punctuation marks that normally appear in pairs, such as "quotation marks", (parentheses), [brackets], and {braces} normally have a space before the opening mark, which should be retained.
Illustrations
Ignore illustrations, but proofread any caption text as it is printed, preserving the line breaks. If the caption falls in the middle of a paragraph, use blank lines to set it apart from the rest of the text.
Footnotes/Endnotes
Proofread footnotes by leaving the text of the footnote at the bottom of the page and placing a tag where it is referenced in the text.
In the main text, the character that marks a footnote location should be surrounded with square brackets ([ and ]) and placed right next to the word being footnoted [1] or its punctuation mark, [2] as shown in the image and the two examples in this sentence. Footnote markers may be numbers, letters, or symbols. When footnotes are marked with a symbol or a series of symbols (*, †, ‡, §, etc.) we replace them all with [*] in the text, and * next to the footnote itself.
At the bottom of the page, proofread the footnote as it is printed, preserving the line breaks. Be sure to use the same tag before the footnote as you used in the text where the footnote was referenced. Use just the character itself for the tag, without any brackets or other punctuation.
Formatting
You may sometimes find formatting already present in the text. Do not add or change this formatting information; the formatters will do that later in the process. Some examples of formatting rasks include <i>italics</i> for italicized text.
Proofread:
work he was printing would be good for
nothing but waste paper, might
not be realised.[*] The work
appeared about the end of
December 1818 with 1819 on
the title-page. Schopenhauer
had meanwhile proceeded in
September to Italy, where he
revised the final proofs.
High art.
So far as the reception of the work was
concerned, Goethe "had received it with
great joy and began instantly to read it. An
* Wallace, Life, p. 108.
DP | BASIC PROOFREADING QUIZ
Basic Proofreading Quiz, Page 4
Try to correct the text on the bottom left, so it matches the text in the image above following the Proofreading Guidelines. When done click 'check.'
FOCUS ON PUNCTUATION
ILLUSTRATIONS
FOOTNOTES
ITALICS
PROOFREADING GUIDELINES:
Look Up...
Punctuation Spacing
Illustrations
Footnotes
Italics
TOTAL= 17 LINES
ORIGINAL IMAGE: (ILLUSTRATION IN MIDDLE OF PARAGRAPH)
I think the original image is the particular rule version to follow in 1st Try
The illustration has (1) line over the illustration caption
It's on left side though
1st Try:
❑ ??? I don't know if the illustration is under
the 1st paragraph or not OR if it's different
if it's on the left side.
For 1st Try Leave it
❑ 3rd Line: Footnote inserted [*]
instead of "4"
❑ 5th Line: SCANNO 18|8 OCR ERROR
FIXED: 1818
❑ 7th Line: Footnotes inserted [*] w/space
Didn't do the italics
❑ 8th Line: SCANNO "lie" OCR ERROR
FIXED: "he"
❑ 11th Line: Left illustration here
❑ 14th Line: (") DOUBLE QUOTATION
Removed OCR extra space
❑ 15th Line: Italics. No
Line 1:
??? I don't know.
Let's leave the illustration
below the 1st paragraph
None.
Line 2:
None.
Line 3:
Missing † FOOTNOTE in OCR
Inserted [*] in:
"not be realised. [*] The work"
NO SPACE BETWEEN SYMBOL & PUNCTUATION MARK
ORIGINAL IMAGE: "not be realised. †The work"
Line 4:
None.
Line 5:
PUNCTUATION
The LOWER-CASE letter "l". The digit "1" and the exclamation point ("!") count as OCR ERRORS
(SCANNO) It's number
"December 18|8 with 1819 on"
ORIGINAL IMAGE:
"December 1818 with 1819 on"
FIXED: OCR ERROR "18|8" to "1818"
Line 6:
None.
Line 7:
None.
Line 8:
(SCANNO)
OCR ERROR:
"lie"
FIXED: "he"
Line 9:
None.
Line 10:
None.
Line 11:
[THIS IS WHERE OCR INSERTED ILLUSTRATION]
I left it.
Line 12:
None.
Line 13:
None.
Line 14:
(") DOUBLE QUOTES rule
PUNCTUATION SPACING
FIXED Spacing between (") & text
ORIGINAL IMAGE:
concerned, Goethe " had received it with"
OCR ERROR: space between (") & "had"
Line 15:
ITALICS (Let's try?)
"<i>instantly<i>" ???
NO FORMATTING
LEAVE OCR: instantly
Line 16:
None.
Line 17:
FOOTNOTES
inserted [*]
"* Wallace, Life, p.108."
ITALICIZED
<i>Life<i>???
LEAVE OCR: Life
Only (1) Try!
Basic Proofreading Tutorial, Page 5
Poetry/Epigrams
Insert a blank line at the start of the poetry or epigram and another blank line at the end, so that the formatters can clearly see the beginning and end. Leave each line left justified and maintain the line breaks. Insert a blank line between stanzas, when there is one in the image.
Font size changes
Do not mark changes in font or font size. The formatters will take care of this later in the process.
Proofread:
We ask ourselves how Byron's poem
You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet,
Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx
gone?
Of two such lessons, why forget
The nobler and the manlier one?
is related to these well known words:
When in the Course of human events, it
becomes necessary for one people to
dissolve ... political bands.
Not at all, we suspect.
DP | BASIC PROOFREADING QUIZ
Basic Proofreading Quiz, Page 5
FONT SIZE FOR FORMATTERS!
Try to correct the text on the bottom, so it matches the text in the image above following the Proofreading Guidelines. When done click 'check.'
FOCUS ON POETRY/EPIGRAMS
FONT SIZE CHANGES
PROOFREADING GUIDELINES:
Look Up...
❑ Poetry/Epigrams
BLANK LINE inserted (BEGINNING)
LINE BREAKS preserved
INSERT BLANK LINE between stanzas when there
is one in the image
LINE NUMBERS in poetry preserved
FONT SIZE = Formatters handle this
TOTAL= 13 LINES
1st Try:
❑ 1st Line: Insert LINE BREAK [END]
❑ OBSERVATION: THERE'S (3) FONT SIZES
❑ 3rd-6th Lines: Font differences left out of
OCR
❑ 7th Line: Insert BLANK LINE [BEGINNING]
❑ 9th-11th Line: Font differences left out in
OCR
❑ 10th Line: OCR ERROR "hands" [OCR] "bands"
[IMAGE]
❑ 11th Line: Ellipsis (...) Removed extra spaces
between dots
❑ 13th Line: OCR ERROR "." [OCR] "," [IMAGE]
FIXED
Line 1:
Insert LINE BREAK (END)
Line 2:
None.
Line 3:
(DON'T FONT)
Line 4:
(DON'T FONT)
Line 5:
(DON'T FONT)
Line 6:
(DON'T FONT)
Line 7:
Insert LINE BREAK (BEGINNING)
Line 8:
None.
Line 9:
(DON'T FONT)
Line 10:
(DON'T FONT)
OCR ERROR: SCANNO
"political bands" [IMAGE]
"political hands: [OCR]
Changed "hands" to "bands"
Line 11:
(DON'T FONT)
ELLIPSIS rule:
(3) dots
SINGLE WORD
[space]...[space]
REMOVED SPACES BETWEEN DOTS
Line 12:
None.
Line 13:
OCR ERROR: SCANNO
REPLACED: "." [OCR]
with "," [IMAGE]
Proofreading Corrections:
2nd Try:
❑ OCR ERROR: SCANNO
Lowercase "c" [OCR]
Uppercase "C" [IMAGE]
9th Line
Only (2) Trys!
I've now passed the required Basic Proofreading Quizzes to work in P1!
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